Manu Prakash : Research : Bubble Logic : Universal Logic Universal Logic Nonlinear bubble interactions by hydro-dynamic force fields are exploited to build universal logic gates operating at low Re number in newtonian fluids. Microfluidic memory Bistable one-bit bubble memory for storage of both information and chemicals at the same time. Bubble circuits Bubble logic devices can be cascaded to form numerous digital circuit elements like ring oscillators, counters. Bubble synchronization Non-linear fluidic ladder networks are used to synchronize two streams of bubbles, thus correcting any timing error. Bubble modulator Bubbles can be generated on demand to encode information in a train of bubbles.  Home Universal logic gate implementing AND-NOT operation in the same device. Input bubbles arrive from A and B while the output is  evaluated at NOT(A).B and A.B. Gate propagation time is ~7ms. Just like transistor based circuits, the device exhibits gain and can be used as an amplification device.   AND-OR logic gate implemented in a microfluidic geometry consisting of a symmetric junction and an assymmetric bifurcation. Bubble inputs arrive at A and b, and both A+B and A.B can be evaluated simultaneously.   Image Gallery Movies © 2007-2008 Last Updated : 8 Feb. 2007