Manu Prakash : Research : Bubble Logic : Bubble circuits Universal Logic Nonlinear bubble interactions by hydro-dynamic force fields are exploited to build universal logic gates operating at low Re number in newtonian fluids. Microfluidic memory Bistable one-bit bubble memory for storage of both information and chemicals at the same time. Bubble circuits Bubble logic devices can be cascaded to form numerous digital circuit elements like ring oscillators, counters. Bubble synchronization Non-linear fluidic ladder networks are used to synchronize two streams of bubbles, thus correcting any timing error. Bubble modulator Bubbles can be generated on demand to encode information in a train of bubbles.  Home Microfluidic ring oscillator built from three AND gates connected in a ring configuration via delay lines. The devices exhibits stable oscillations tuned, rate of which can be tuned by input flow rate. Ring oscillators are conventionally benchmark circuits in electronics, to prove cascadability and feedback in a given logic family. Since the bit representation is conserved in bubble logic gates, logic elements can be connected in a modular manner to built complex bubble circuits for a given task.  Image Gallery Movies Last Updated : 8 Feb. 2007