Selected Publications

Cassell, J., Tversky, D. (under review) "The Language of Online Intercultural Community Formation in Junior Summit '98" Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. [PDF]

Kehoe, C., Cassell, J., Goldman, S., Dai, J., Gouldstone, I., MacLeod, S., O'Day, T., Pandolfo, A., Ryokai, K., Wang, A. (2004) "Sam Goes to School: Story Listening Systems in the Classroom" International Conference for the Learning Sciences. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J (2004) “Towards a Model of Technology and Literacy Development: Story Listening Systems” Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 25 (1): 75-105. [Abstract] [PDF]

Tim Bickmore, Justine Cassell (2004) "Social Dialogue with Embodied Conversational Agents" In J. van Kuppevelt, L. Dybkjaer, and N. Bernsen (eds.), Natural, Intelligent and Effective Interaction with Multimodal Dialogue Systems. New York: Kluwer Academic. [Abstract] [PDF]

Nakano, Y., Reinstein, G., Stocky, T., Cassell, J. (2003) "Towards a Model of Face-to-Face Grounding" Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. July 7-12, Sapporo, Japan. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J., Bickmore, T. (2003) "Negotiated Collusion: Modeling Social Language and its Relationship Effects in Intelligent Agents" User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction 13(1-2): 89-132 [Abstract] [PDF]

Ryokai, K., Vaucelle, C., Cassell, J. (2003) "Virtual Peers as Partners in Storytelling and Literacy Learning" Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 19(2): 195-208 [Abstract] [PDF]

Jonathan Gratch, Jeff Rickel, Elisabeth Andre, Norman Badler, Justine Cassell, Eric Petajan (2002) "Creating Interactive Virtual Humans: Some Assembly Required" IEEE Intelligent Systems 17(4): 54-63 [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J. (2002). “Genderizing HCI.” In J. Jacko and A. Sears (eds.), The Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, pp. 402-411. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J. (2002). "We Have these Rules Inside": The Effects of Exercising Voice in a Children's Online Forum. In S. Calvert, R. Cocking and A. Jordan (eds.), Children in the Digital Age. New York: Praeger Press, pp. 123-144. [Abstract] [PDF]

O’Sullivan, C. Cassell, J. Vilhjálmsson, H. Dobbyn, S. Peters, C. Leeson, W. Giang, T. and Dingliana, J.(2002) "Crowd and Group Simulation with Levels of Detail for Geometry, Motion and Conversational Behaviour" Proceedings of Eurographics Ireland 2002. Mar 25-26, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 15-20. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J., Stocky, T., Bickmore, T., Gao, Y., Nakano, Y., Ryokai, K., Tversky, D., Vaucelle, C., Vilhjálmsson, H. (2002). "MACK: Media lab Autonomous Conversational Kiosk." Proceedings of Imagina02. February 12-15, Monte Carlo. [Abstract] [PDF]

Stocky, T. and Cassell, J.(2002). "Shared Reality: Spatial Intelligence in Intuitive User Interfaces" Proceedings of Intelligent User Interfaces. Jan 13-16, San Francisco, CA, pp. 224-225. [Abstract] [PDF]

Ryokai, K., Vaucelle, C., Cassell, J.(2002). "Literacy Learning by Storytelling with a Virtual Peer". Proceedings of Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. January 7-11, Boulder, CO, pp. 352-360. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J. (2001) "Embodied Conversational Agents: Representation and Intelligence in User Interface" AI Magazine, Winter 2001, 22(3): 67-83. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J., Nakano, Y., Bickmore, T., Sidner, C., Rich, C. (2001). “Non-Verbal Cues for Discourse Structure.” Proceedings of the 41st Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics, pp. 106-115. July 17-19, Toulouse, France. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J., Vilhjálmsson, H., Bickmore, T.(2001) "BEAT: the Behavior Expression Animation Toolkit." Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '01, pp. 477-486. August 12-17, Los Angeles, CA.[Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J. and Ryokai, K. (2001). "Making Space for Voice: Technologies to Support Children's Fantasy and Storytelling." Personal Technologies 5(3): 203-224. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

Cassell, J., Bickmore, T., Vilhjalmsson, H., Yan, H. (2001). "More Than Just a Pretty Face: Conversational Protocols and the Affordances of Embodiment." Knowledge-Based Systems 14: 55-64. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J., Bickmore, T. (2001) "A Relational Agent: A Model and Implementation of Building User Trust." Proceedings of the CHI'01 Conference, pp. 396-403. March 31-April 5, Seattle, Washington. [Abstract] [PDF]

Cassell, J. and Bickmore, T. (2000) “External Manifestations of Trustworthiness in the Interface.” Communications of the ACM 43(12):50-56. [Abstract] [PDF]

Bickmore, T. and Cassell, J. (2000) "'How about this weather' Social Dialog with Embodied Conversational Agents." Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) Fall Symposium on "Narrative Intelligence", pp. 4-8. November 3-5, Cape Cod, MA. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., and Stone, M. (2000) "Coordination and Context-Dependence in the Generation of Embodied Conversation." Proceedings of the International Natural Language Generation Conference, pp. 171-178. June 12-16, Mitzpe Ramon, Israel. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. (2000). "Nudge Nudge Wink Wink: Elements of Face-to-Face Conversation for Embodied Conversational Agents", in Cassell, J. et al. (eds.), Embodied Conversational Agents, pp. 1-27. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Bickmore, T., Campbell, L., Vilhjálmsson, H., and Yan, H. (2000). "Human Conversation as a System Framework: Designing Embodied Conversational Agents", in Cassell, J. et al. (eds.), Embodied Conversational Agents, pp. 29-63. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. (2000). "More than Just Another Pretty Face: Embodied Conversational Interface Agents." Communications of the ACM 43(4): 70-78.[Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Ananny, M., Basu, A., Bickmore, T., Chong, P., Mellis, D., Ryokai, K., Vilhjalmsson, H., Smith, J., Yan, H. (2000) "Shared Reality: Physical Collaboration with a Virtual Peer." Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 259-260. April 4-9, Amsterdam, NL. [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., and Ryokai, K. (2000). "Story Spaces: Interfaces for Children's Voices." Proceedings of the ACM SIGGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), pp. 243-244. April 4-9, Amsterdam, NL. [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Bickmore, T., Vilhjalmsson, H., Yan, H. (2000). "More than Just a Pretty Face: Affordances of Embodiment" Proceedings of the Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces, pp. 52-59. January 4-9, New Orleans, LA. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Vilhjálmsson, H., Chang, K., Bickmore, T., Campbell, L. and Yan, H. (1999). "Requirements for an Architecture for Embodied Conversational Characters." in Thalmann, D. and Thalmann, N. (eds.), Computer Animation and Simulation '99 (Eurographics Series), pp. 109-120. Vienna, Austria: Springer Verlag. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. and Smith, J. (1999). "The Victorian Laptop: Narrative Engagement through Place and Time." Proceedings of the AAAI 1999 Fall Symposium on Narrative Intelligence, pp. 72-77. November 5-7, North Falmouth, MA. [Abstract] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. and Stone, M. (1999). "Living Hand to Mouth: Psychological Theories about Speech and Gesture in Interactive Dialogue Systems." Proceedings of the AAAI 1999 Fall Symposium on Psychological Models of Communication in Collaborative Systems, pp. 34-42. November 5-7, North Falmouth, MA. [PDF]

    Cassell, J., McNeill, D. and McCullough, K.E. (1999). "Speech-Gesture Mismatches: Evidence for One Underlying Representation of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Information." Pragmatics and Cognition 7(1): 1-33. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. and Thórisson, K.R. (1999). "The Power of a Nod and a Glance: Envelope vs. Emotional Feedback in Animated Conversational Agents." Applied Artificial Intelligence 13: 519-538. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Torres, O. and Prevost, S. (1999). "Turn Taking vs. Discourse Structure: How Best to Model Multimodal Conversation." In Wilks, Y. (ed.), Machine Conversations, pp. 143-154. The Hague: Kluwer. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Bickmore, T., Billinghurst, M., Campbell, L., Chang, K., Vilhjálmsson, H. and Yan, H. (1999). "Embodiment in Conversational Interfaces: Rea." Proceedings of the CHI'99 Conference, pp. 520-527. Pittsburgh, PA.  [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. and Vilhjálmsson, H. (1999). "Fully Embodied Conversational Avatars: Making Communicative Behaviors Autonomous." Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 2(1): 45-64. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Vilhjalmsson, H., Chang, K., Bickmore, T., Campbell, L., and Yan, H. (1999). "Requirements for an Architecture for Embodied Conversational Characters." 10th Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation. September 6-8, Milan, Italy. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Bickmore, T., and Cassell, J. (1999). "Small Talk and Conversational Storytelling in Embodied Interface Agents." Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on "Narrative Intelligence," pp. 87-92. November 5-7, Cape Cod, MA. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Ryokai, K., and Cassell, J. (1999). "StoryMat: A Playspace for Collaborative Storytelling." Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) '99, pp. 272-273. May 15-20, Pittsburgh, PA. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Ryokai, K. and Cassell, J. (1999). "Computer Support for Children's Collaborative Fantasy Play and Storytelling." Proceedings of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning '99, pp. 510-517. December 12-15, Palo Alto, CA. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Bers, M. U. and Cassell, J. (1998). "Interactive Storytelling Systems for Children: Using Technology to Explore Language and Identity." Journal of Interactive Learning Research 9(2) 183-215. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Bers, M.U., Ackermann, E., Cassell, J., et al. (1998). "Interactive StoryTelling Environments: Coping with Cardiac Illness at Boston Children's Hospital." Proceedings of CHI '98, pp. 603-610. April 18-23, Los Angeles, CA. [PDF]

    Cassell, J. (1998). "Storytelling as the Nexus of Change in the Relationship between Gender and Technology." In Cassell, J. and Jenkins, H. (eds.), From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games, pp. 298-326. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. and Jenkins, H. (1998). "Chess for Girls? Feminism and Computer Games." In J. Cassell and H. Jenkins (eds.), From Barbie to Mortal Kombat: Gender and Computer Games, pp. 2-45. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J. (1998) "A Framework For Gesture Generation And Interpretation." In Cipolla, R. and Pentland, A. (eds.), Computer Vision in Human-Machine Interaction, pp. 191-215. New York: Cambridge University Press. [Abstract] [html] [postscript] [PDF]

    Glos, J., and Cassell, J. (1997). "Rosebud: Technological Toys for Storytelling." Proceedings of CHI'97, pp. 359-360. March 22-27, Atlanta, GA. [postscript] [PDF]

    Glos, J., and Cassell, J. (1997). "Rosebud: A Place for Interaction between Memory, Story, and Self." Proceedings of Cognitive Technologies '97, pp. 88-97. August 25-28, Aizu, Japan.

    Hiyakumoto, L., Prevost, S., and Cassell, J. (1997). "Semantic and Discourse Information Information for Text-to-Speech Intonation." ACL Workshop on Concept-to-Speech Generation, July 11, Madrid, Spain.

    Negroponte, N., Resnick, M., and Cassell, J. (1997). "Creating a Learning Revolution." In Learning Without Frontiers (UNESCO) Technology and Learning Portfolio. Reprinted in Teaching, Learning and Technology Planning Guide CD-ROM published by Apple Computer. [html]

    Cassell, J. and S. Prevost. (1996) "Distribution of Semantic Features Across Speech and Gesture by Humans and Computers." Proceedings of the Workshop on the Integration of Gesture in Language and Speech. October 7-8, Wilmington, DE. [Abstract] [html] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Pelachaud, C., Badler, N., Steedman, M., Achorn, B., Becket, T., Douville, B., Prevost, S., Stone, M. (1994) "Animated Converstaion: Rule-Based Generation of Facial Expression, Gesture and Spoken Intonation for Multiple Conversational Agents." Proceedings of SIGGRAPH '94, pp. 413-420. (ACM Special Interest Group on Graphics). [Abstract] [postscript] [PDF]

    Cassell, J., Stone, M., Douville, B., Prevost, S., Achorn, B., Steedman, M., Badler, N., Pelachaud, C. (1994) "Modeling the Interaction between Speech and Gesture." in Ashwin Ram and Kurt Eiselt (eds.), Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, pp. 153-158. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. [compressed postscript]

    Cassell, J. (1994) "The Role of Beliefs about Gender Stereotypes in the Acquisition of Gendered Words." Noga.

    Cassell, J., Michael, E. & Short, R. (1994) "The Social and Linguistic Category of Gender." Workshop entitled "Gender as a Social Category: Origins, Development, and Consequences." International Society of Social and Behavioral Development annual meeting. Amsterdam, July.

    Cassell, J. and McNeill, D. (1991). "Non-Verbal Imagery and the Poetics of Prose." Poetics Today, Vol. 12(3): 375-404.

    Cassell, J., and McNeill, D. (1990). "Gesture and Ground." Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society, pp. 57-68.

     
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Justine Cassell MIT Media Laboratory E15-315 20 Ames St Cambridge MA
617.253.4899 617.258.6264 [fax] justine@media.mit.edu