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The overall average of deviations from equal
temperament (column 3 of Table 3) is -8.1 cents with a standard deviation of 10.7. The overall
average of notes played without vibrato is -6
9 cents and with vibrato
-10
12. So there is an upper bound of about 10 cents in the frequency
control of the performer. Since the average vibrato peak to peak amplitude is
40 cents (See Table 2), this
difference is sufficiently large that if the violist had aimed for the highest
or lowest points of the frequency modulation, this would have shown up in the
data. We can thus conclude that our results are consistent with the intended
pitch of the performer being the mean of the vibrato.